Visa Data Engineer Interview Guide

The Visa data engineer loop, round by round: what each stage tests, example questions with the guidance interviewers actually score, the mistakes that sink strong candidates, and how to prepare.

Last updated: Proudly published by: Jeff Wahl

What the Visa loop tests: domains and difficulty

The domain and difficulty mix of the practice problems tagged with this company, the company each one was written for.

The technical bar

The loop's heaviest technical weight falls on SQL and pipeline architecture. SQL questions at Visa go beyond simple aggregation into reconciliation and deduplication logic. A strong answer names payment-specific edge cases, like reversals, multi-currency settlement, and partial authorizations, and explains how the query handles them under realistic data conditions. The pipeline architecture discussion centers on Kafka, AWS and Hadoop, so expect questions that mix streaming design with deployment and validation concerns in a regulated environment. Kafka answers that stop at consumer-producer setup don't hold up here; interviewers want to hear about idempotency guarantees, late-event handling, and how you'd confirm settlement completeness before downstream jobs run. Python screens focus on clean, testable transformation code; the bar is defensive coding under realistic nulls and schema variance from upstream bank feeds.

By domain
SQL
81%
17
Python
19%
4
By difficulty
Easy
19%
4
Medium
62%
13
Hard
19%
4

The domain and difficulty mix of the 21 practice problems tagged with Visa, the company each one was written for.

Updated 21 Visa-tagged problems

5 real Visa interview questions

Reported by candidates from real loops, sorted by domain, round, level, and year. Expand for what the round is scoring.

SQLL4 · 2026
1. Find avg of top merchant where mode is online (given 2 tables, merchant, payment)
Phone screen · screen sql
+
SQLL4 · 2026
2. Find average & sum of each merchant catag for the last quarter.
Phone screen · screen sql
+
SQLL4 · 2026
1. Have 3 csv - movie (rating, box office, genre, etc), actor (id, name, etc), movitActorMap. Find the total box office of actorA, whose filim is in GenreA and having rating>5
Phone screen · screen sql
+
SQLL4 · 2026
2. Get top 3 actors, by sum of box office, acted more than 6 film, rating>5.
Phone screen · screen sql
+
SQLL3
Calculate the total transaction volume for each merchant where the transaction was performed via ApplePay; for merchants with no ApplePay transactions, output their total transaction volume as 0; schema: transactions(merchant_id INTEGER, transaction_amount DECIMAL, payment_method VARCHAR)
Online assessment
+

Recent Visa interview reports

Candidate accounts of the loop, each with its date, level, difficulty, and outcome. Scroll the feed.

Where offers are lost

Engineers who advance at Visa tend to bring the compliance framing unprompted. When asked to design a pipeline, they'll mention idempotency, audit logging, or settlement verification before the interviewer raises it. Candidates who stall treat the design as an abstract engineering problem. They give answers that would work elsewhere but miss the accountability framing that Visa's settlement network demands. On streaming, stopping at consumer-producer basics is where many strong candidates plateau; interviewers expect you to reason through restart semantics, gap detection across settlement records, and the guarantees downstream clearing systems depend on. SQL candidates hit a similar wall if they can write correct queries but can't explain how they'd handle reversals or authorization-settlement mismatches in a real payment dataset. That payment-network context is what moves an otherwise strong interview into offer territory.

4 candidate interview reports

real candidate submissions

No offerDifficult· JuniorDec 2025

Round 1: HR Screening Phone call focused on salary expectations, current role overview, notice period, and relocation willingness. Straightforward screening. Round 2: Technical Discussion Video call diving deep into current work experience. What kind of work I did in current organisation, about team work, ownership, impact, etc Round 3: Pair Programming + Technical Deep Dive Live coding round - codesignal platform SQL Coding: Two medium-hard problems involving window functions, date filtering, ranking, CTEs, and complex multi-table joins.

Read full report

Unix Commands: Three practical questions testing hands-on command knowledge (file finding by modification date, pattern matching, archiving). PySpark Coding: 2 question involving data manipulation using 2 databrames/csv

No offerEasy· SeniorMay 2024

Company: VISA Position: Senior Data Engineer **Round 1:** * Hadoop basics ( Rack awareness, replication, namenode vs data node, hdfs commands, how to replace a file in hdfs, how to copy from local, remove files without going to traash, what happens if one block is lost) * Hive → We have 10k records in a partition we got an update of 200 records, how will you update there is no timestamp column for de duplication, write sql. * Spark basics, udfs etc.., **Round 2: ** * DSA simple python on hashmap & lists * Questions on spark optimizations, Partitioning va bickering * If you have to ingest a csv file what are all steps you will take ( from source till partitioning on destination ) **Round 3:** * Project discussions & Behavioural questions **Veridct:** Rejected. They liked my profile but due to compensation ask they didn't offer me.

No offer· SeniorSep 2022

**Online Assesment (Hackerrank Exam)** * 3 Coding Questions * 2 Medium 1 Hard Q1) Matrix reverse diagonal traversal Q2) Given a pair of integers (a,b) validate if after performing certain operation zero or multiple times it can be converted to (c,d) Q3) Given 2 arrays, find minimum moves to match array 1 and array 2.

Read full report

Move is defined as an increment or decrement of one element in an array. **Round 1: Video Interview | Coding Round** * 2 Question * 1 Easy 1 Medium Q1) Cant remember clearly but mostly around HashMaps and arrays. Simple Enough Q2) Given a list of ranges and a target number find in which range that target number will occure if not found return "-" **Round 2: Video Interview | Data Engineering Round** * 3 Questions - 1 Coding 2 SQL Q1) Was asked the same Q2 from R1 but this the input data was given in the form of table so it requires some preprossing.

Easy· PrincipalApr 2022

Duration - 1 Hr. Coding Platform - Hackerrank Total Problems - 11 1. 10 multiple choice question - easy medium Hive/Hbase/Java based Conceptual questions. 2. Coding Question - String left/right shift question with given list of index (Medium Leetcode Array type).

Try a Visa-style SQL round

Find every user active on 3 or more CONSECUTIVE days. This gaps-and-islands shape shows up in nearly every DE SQL round. Edit the query and run it against the seed data.

-- Users active on 3+ consecutive days.
-- Hint: date minus a per-user ROW_NUMBER is constant within a streak.
WITH streaks AS (
SELECT
user_id,
activity_date,
activity_date - CAST(
(ROW_NUMBER() OVER (
PARTITION BY user_id
ORDER BY activity_date
))
AS INT
) AS grp
FROM user_sessions
)
SELECT
user_id
FROM streaks
GROUP BY user_id, grp
HAVING COUNT(*) >= 3

Practice the Visa loop

Practice problems tagged with this company, grouped by domain. Each opens in a live coding environment.

What the loop filters for

Visa runs one of the world's largest payment networks, settling billions of transactions per day under hard deadlines and regulatory audit requirements. The loop is calibrated around that operating reality. What interviewers are extracting is evidence that a candidate prioritizes data correctness and accountability in pipeline decisions, above throughput. Payment data arrives from thousands of issuing banks under inconsistent schemas, and decisions about how to model, clean, and route it often land on the data engineer rather than a product owner. The loop is looking for engineers whose instinct, when something is unclear, is to surface it as a design constraint and make a call. If your background is primarily in product analytics or business intelligence, expect the compliance and reconciliation framing to come up earlier in conversation than it would at most tech companies.

Visa is hiring data engineers now

The roles behind this loop. Prep against the levels and locations they are actually filling.

Prep allocation

SQL prep should come first. The screen and loop both weight it, and the SQL bar at Visa involves window functions over time-ordered payment events, deduplication by transaction ID, and reconciliation joins between authorization and settlement tables. Practice explaining edge cases aloud, since the interview rewards candidates who can narrate their reasoning through payment scenarios. Pipeline architecture comes second: work through Kafka consumer patterns including idempotency, dead-letter queues, and batch completeness checks, and be ready to justify AWS service choices for a regulated streaming environment. Python fundamentals should get attention for the screen, though the bar there is clean, testable transformation code. At L6 (staff), architecture rounds expect you to own the design direction, surface data governance tradeoffs proactively, and demonstrate that you'd push back on a technically flawed brief rather than just build what's asked.

Visa
Hiring now
Visa data engineer · live from career pages
13
open roles
Visa

Create queries to extract and compile raw data, implement orchestration techniques, and validate data quality.

L5BellevueNEW
Visa

Design, build, and optimize large-scale data pipelines for batch and real-time processing

L6AustinNEW
Visa

A strong background in data engineering with experience in Hadoop, Spark, and Scala is also essential for effective performance in this role.

L6Foster City6d ago
Visa

Build and promote an agile, high-quality engineering culture across design, development, and production deployment

L5Foster City9d ago
Visa

Build tools and standard automation processes to assist in transforming, managing, accessing, deploying, and monitoring data processes in batches and in real time.

L6Austin12d ago
Visa

Collaborate with team members to create queries to extract and compile raw data, contribute to basic orchestration techniques that automate data extraction logic, and apply basic modification techniques to transform raw data for downstream sources.

L4Singapore12d ago
Visa

Define and maintain end‑to‑end data architecture patterns across real‑time, near‑real‑time, and batch processing paradigms.

L5Bellevue20d ago
Visa

Implement and optimize high-performance data services and pipelines (batch and streaming) for large-scale workloads

L5Bellevue22d ago
Visa

Optimize existing SQL Server models (facts, dimensions, indexes, stored procedures) and design modern equivalents in Hadoop and Spark environments.

L6Bengaluru30d ago
Visa

Build and optimize real-time data streaming and event-driven architectures for high-throughput applications

L6Singapore31d ago
Visa

Develop and maintain data pipelines, services, and orchestration workflows supporting AI use cases

L5Singapore31d ago
New postings per week
5
8/17
6
8/24
12
8/31
12
9/7
28
9/14
12
9/21
week beginning · ~5 weeks of data
Where they hire
Seattle
3
Bangalore
3
San Francisco Bay Area
2
Austin
2
Levels hiring
L41L55L65
Updated 13 open listings across 4 cities

Visa compensation and culture

The numbers, tech stack, and team structure live on the company overview.

Visa data engineer roles by level

Level-specific pages: the comp, the bar, and what the loop tests at each seniority.

Compare Visa with other data engineering employers

How the role, pay, and loop stack up against peer companies.

02 / Why practice

Prepare at Visa interview difficulty

  1. 01

    Reading a solution is not the same as writing one

    Every engineer who has frozen on a query they had read a dozen times knows the gap. The only preparation that closes it is producing the answer yourself, under time, before the interview does it for you

  2. 02

    76% of hiring managers reject on the coding task, not the resume

    From HackerRank's 2024 Developer Skills Report. Candidates who look strong on paper still fail the live screen if they haven't done timed, executable practice

  3. 03

    5 problem shapes cover 80% of data engineer loops

    Dedup, sessionization, top-N-per-group, slowly-changing dimensions, partition tricks. Writing the shapes by hand turns the unfamiliar into pattern recognition

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